Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (1CP2) Exam Questions

• D Proprietary (1)
• The only correct answer is D. The correct answer is proprietary.
• A is not correct because copyright is a method of intellectual property protection, not a type of software
• B is not correct because open-source software has a licence that allows users to view and modify the source code
• C is not correct because a patent is a method of intellectual property protection that protects an invention, not a type of software

• C Patent (1)
• The only correct answer is C. The correct answer is patent.
• A is not correct because copyright protects creative works such as program code, not an invention
• B is not correct because an open-source licence sets out how software may be used, not how an invention is protected
• D is not correct because a trademark protects a brand name or logo

Award one mark for:

• Open-source (licence) (1)

Allow open source (software licence) / OSS / FOSS.

Do not accept freeware/shareware.

Do not accept proprietary.

Award one mark for any of the following up to a maximum of two marks:

• Keeping personal information secret/private (1)
• Controlling who can see/access/use your personal data (1)
• Being free from observation/tracking/surveillance (1)
• The right to keep information about yourself to yourself (1)

Do not accept 'the data is kept secure/safe' on its own (this is data protection, not privacy).

Award one mark for any of the following up to a maximum of two marks:

• A person/organisation (e.g. the developer/company/user) is responsible for the actions/decisions/outputs of the AI system (1)
• Being able to explain/justify how the AI system reached a decision (1)
• Being open to scrutiny/having to report on the AI system's actions (1)
• Accepting blame/being held to account when the AI system causes harm or loss (1)

Naming the responsible party (e.g. the developer) on its own is not a separate mark; it must be linked to responsibility for the system's actions/decisions/outputs.

Do not accept the AI system/robot itself being described as accountable or blamed.

Do not accept 'being fair/transparent' without a person/organisation being answerable for the system.

Award one mark for any of the following up to a maximum of two marks:

• A company/brand name (1)
• A product name (1)
• A logo (1)
• A symbol (1)
• A slogan (1)

Allow 'logo' and 'symbol' as two separate points if both are given.

Do not accept 'name' or 'brand' on its own.

Do not accept an invention (this is protected by a patent).

Do not accept software code (this is protected by copyright).

Do not accept other methods of intellectual property protection, e.g. patent/copyright.

Do not accept 'a design' on its own; allow if qualified as a logo/brand design.

Award up to two marks for a linked description such as:

• The user has the right to agree to their personal data being collected (1) so they know what it will be used for (1)
• Consent allows the user to refuse/opt out (1) so their privacy is respected (1)
• Data protection legislation requires a lawful reason for processing personal data (1) so collecting the location data without consent would be misuse (1)
• The user can withdraw their consent at any time (1) so the app must stop collecting/using the data (1)

Accept agreement and refusal of consent as alternatives for the same point; do not award both.

Do not accept responses that only describe how consent is obtained (e.g. a tick box or a pop-up) without saying why it should be obtained.

Do not accept 'so the app can work' or 'to make the app better' unless it is linked to the user's agreement/privacy.

Do not accept 'so the data is secure' or 'to keep the user safe'; these are about security, not why consent should be obtained.

Award up to two marks for a linked description such as:

• The software must not be sold (1) so it remains free for other users to obtain (1)
• The source code must be included when the software is shared (1) so anyone who receives it can also study/change it (1)
• Any modified version must be released under the same licence (1) so the software stays open-source for future users (1)

A valid condition on its own can earn one mark; the second mark is for a linked development of the effect.

Do not accept 'the user is not allowed to change the source code' or 'a fee must be paid' as these are conditions of proprietary software.

Do not accept 'it is free' or 'anyone can use it' as these do not describe a condition.

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

• Visitors lose control over who knows their browsing habits/activities (1) because details of the pages they view are collected and stored (1)
• The visitor is tracked without their consent/knowledge (1) because the pages they visit are recorded without them being asked (1)
• The visitor can be identified/linked to their browsing history (1) because data about their visits is stored and may be shared with third parties (1)
• Personal information about the visitor's interests is worked out without them sharing it (1) because the pages they view are used to build a profile for targeted advertising (1)

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Allow other valid privacy points, e.g. the visitor is tracked without their consent (1), where the linked reason says how the browsing data is recorded or used (1).

Allow 'a profile of the visitor's interests/behaviour is built' (1) as the privacy point; a second mark needs a linked reason, e.g. that this information is worked out without the visitor choosing to share it.

Do not accept 'it is private' or 'they lose privacy' without saying what information is revealed or how it is used.

Do not accept 'information is collected' or 'data is stored' on its own without saying why this is a privacy issue.

Do not award answers that only describe data being hacked, stolen or kept secure; these are security issues, not privacy issues.

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

• Consent is required by data protection legislation (1) so the gym could be fined/prosecuted if it collects data without consent (1)
• The member has a choice about whether their data is collected (1) because they can refuse/say no (1)
• The member can be told what their data will be used for (1) so they know what they are agreeing to (1)
• The member has the right to withdraw consent (1) so the gym must stop using the data if the member changes their mind (1)
• The gym builds trust with members (1) because members know their data is being handled properly (1)

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Allow 'the member has a right to privacy' as a statement (1) if it is expanded with a reason such as the member controls who can see their data (1).

Do not accept 'the gym needs it' or 'it is the law/a legal requirement' without expansion as to what the law requires or what happens if it is broken.

Do not accept 'so the gym can use the data' without saying how consent protects the member or meets the law.

Do not accept answers about keeping data accurate or secure; these are data protection requirements but they are not about consent.