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Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (1CP2) Exam Questions

Build a practice paper from 693 exam-style questions, each with its mark scheme and example answers. Print it, or answer it on paper and then open the mark schemes. Or browse the questions by topic.

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3 questions · 9 marks

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1Short recall1 markImages Swap Remove

Each pixel in a bitmap image is stored using a number of bits.

Define the term colour depth.

[1 mark]
Mark scheme

Award one mark for any of the following:

  • The number of bits per pixel (1)
  • The number of bits used to represent/store the colour of each pixel (1)

Allow bit depth

Do not accept the number of colours a pixel can have on its own

Do not accept the number of pixels in the image (this is the resolution/image size)

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks1/1

The number of bits used to store the colour of one pixel.

Why: Gives the number of bits per pixel (1)

No marks0/1

The number of colours that each pixel can use.

Why: Gives the number of colours, not the number of bits; the mark scheme does not accept this on its own

No marks0/1

The number of pixels in the image.

Why: Confuses colour depth with resolution/image size, which the mark scheme does not accept

2Explain2 marksImages Swap Remove

An image uses a colour depth of 2 bits per pixel. The original image contains 12 different colours.

Explain why the image cannot be represented accurately at this colour depth.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

  • Only 4 colours can be represented (1) because 2 bits give 2^2 = 4 possible values (1)
  • Some of the 12 colours cannot be stored (1) so they are lost/replaced with a colour that can be represented (1)
  • The image will not match the original exactly (1) because there are fewer colour codes than the number of colours needed (1)
  • Many colours will share the same binary value (1) so the image will lose colour detail (1)

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Allow 'four colours' or '2^2'.

Do not accept 'only two colours' (confusing the number of bits with the number of values) or 'resolution is too low'.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

Only four colours can be represented because two bits give four possible binary values.

Why: Linked point (1) and reason (1): 2 bits give 2^2 = 4 colour codes.

Some marks1/2

Only four colours can be represented.

Why: One mark for identifying that four colours can be represented; the linked reason about two bits giving four values is missing.

No marks0/2

Only two colours can be represented because each pixel has two bits.

Why: A common misconception: two bits give four possible values, not two, so no creditworthy point is given.

3Discuss6 marksSound Swap Remove

A school records its end-of-year concert. The recording will be put on the school website as an audio file. The school wants the recording to sound as close to the live performance as possible, but the file must not be too large.

Discuss how the sample rate and the sample interval used to digitise the concert affect the quality of the recording and its file size.

Your answer should include:

  • the meaning of sample rate and how it relates to sample interval
  • how changing them affects the accuracy of the recording
  • the effect on the size of the audio file.
[6 marks]
Mark scheme

Indicative content

Sample rate and sample interval

  • The sample rate is the number of samples taken each second, measured in hertz (Hz).
  • The sample interval is the time between one sample and the next.
  • The sample interval is the reciprocal of the sample rate, so doubling the sample rate halves the sample interval.
  • A higher sample rate therefore gives a shorter sample interval, so the concert is measured more often.
  • A lower sample rate gives a longer sample interval, so fewer points on the sound wave are recorded.
  • The school could sample at 44,100 Hz, taking 44,100 measurements of the concert every second.

Accuracy of the recording

  • A higher sample rate, and so a shorter sample interval, records more points on the sound wave, so its shape is followed more closely and the recording is more like the live performance.
  • A higher sample rate can capture high-frequency sounds in the music, such as a violin, more accurately.
  • With a low sample rate the gap between samples is long, so fast changes such as a drum beat can happen between samples and be missed, making the recording less accurate.
  • If the sample rate is too low, a high-frequency sound changes several times between samples, so the digital file does not represent that sound properly.

Effect on file size

  • Each sample is stored using a number of bits, so more samples each second means more data to store for each second of the concert.
  • The file size is the sample rate multiplied by the bit depth multiplied by the duration, so doubling the sample rate doubles the size of the file for the same concert.
  • A lower sample rate means fewer samples are stored, so the file is smaller and quicker to download from the school website.
  • A higher sample rate gives a more accurate recording but a larger file, so the school must trade off quality against file size.

Levels

  • Level 0 (0 marks): No rewardable content.
  • Level 1 (1–2 marks): Basic, independent points are made, showing elements of understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion will contain basic information with little linkage between points made or application to the context. (AO2)
  • Level 2 (3–4 marks): Demonstrates adequate understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion shows some linkages and lines of reasoning with some structure and application to the context. (AO2)
  • Level 3 (5–6 marks): Demonstrates comprehensive understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science to support the discussion being presented. (AO1) The discussion is well developed, with sustained lines of reasoning that are coherent and logically structured, and which clearly apply to the context. (AO2)

Additional guidance

  • Level 3 responses must cover both sample rate and sample interval, including how they are related, and link them to the accuracy of the recording and to the file size. For Level 2, the response must link a change in sample rate/sample interval to the accuracy of the recording and link a change to the size of the file, with some application to the concert; definitions alone, or points that are not linked, are Level 1.
  • Accept reasoning that uses sample rate only, or sample interval only, if the relationship between them is stated or implied. Do not accept sample rate described as the number of bits per sample (that is bit depth), and do not accept the claim that a higher sample rate makes the file smaller.
Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks6/6

The sample rate is the number of samples taken each second and is measured in hertz. The sample interval is the time gap between one sample and the next, so it is the reciprocal of the sample rate: a higher rate means a shorter interval. If the school uses a high sample rate, such as 44,100 Hz, the interval between samples is short, so the analogue-to-digital converter measures the concert wave very often and follows its shape closely. This makes the recording more accurate, because quiet details and fast drum beats are less likely to happen between samples and be missed, and high notes from the violins are captured properly. However, every sample is stored using bits, so 44,100 samples each second means much more data for each second of the concert and a much larger file, which could download slowly from the school website. If the school halves the sample rate, the interval doubles, the file is half the size, but fast changes in the music may be missed and the recording will sound less like the live performance, so the school must trade off quality against file size.

Why: Level 3 (6 marks): defines both terms, states the reciprocal link, explains why a short interval gives accurate capture (wave shape, fast changes, high frequencies) and why more samples per second means more data, applies all of this to the concert and the website, and draws a trade-off.

Some marks3/6

The sample rate is how many samples are taken each second. The sample interval is the time between each sample, so a higher sample rate means a shorter sample interval. If the school uses a higher sample rate, more of the concert is measured each second, so the recording is more accurate. A higher sample rate also makes the audio file bigger, which will download more slowly from the school website. The school should not use a sample rate that is too high or the file will be too large.

Why: Level 2 (3 marks): definitions are correct and the reciprocal link is stated, and there is one link to accuracy and one link to file size with some application to the concert, but nothing on why slow sampling misses detail and no mechanism for the file-size increase, so it is adequate rather than comprehensive.

Some marks1/6

The sample rate is the number of bits used for each sample. A higher sample rate gives a more accurate recording, so the school should use the highest sample rate so that the concert sounds just like the live performance.

Why: Level 1 (1 mark): one basic correct point, that a higher sample rate gives a more accurate recording; the definition confuses sample rate with bit depth and is not credited, and no point is made about the file size.

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