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Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (1CP2) Exam Questions

Build a practice paper from 693 exam-style questions, each with its mark scheme and example answers. Print it, or answer it on paper and then open the mark schemes. Or browse the questions by topic.

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4 questions · 10 marks

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1Multiple choice1 markStored Program Computers Swap Remove

Identify the bus that carries addresses in one direction only, from the CPU to main memory.

[1 mark]
  • AAddress bus
  • BControl bus
  • CData bus
  • DSystem bus
Mark scheme
  • A Address bus (1)
  • The only correct answer is A. The correct answer is address bus. Do not accept 'address' on its own.
  • B is not correct because the control bus carries control signals in both directions between the CPU and other components
  • C is not correct because the data bus carries data in both directions between the CPU and main memory
  • D is not correct because the system bus is the collection of all three buses
Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks1/1

A Address bus

Why: Correct option: the address bus carries addresses in one direction only, from the CPU to main memory (1).

No marks0/1

C Data bus

Why: The data bus carries data in both directions, so it is not the bus that carries addresses in one direction only from the CPU to main memory; no creditworthy point.

No marks0/1

B Control bus

Why: The control bus carries control signals in both directions, not addresses in one direction only; this is the common control/address bus confusion, so no mark.

2Short recall1 markSecondary Memory Swap Remove

Data is stored on optical discs as pits and lands.

Name the component in an optical disc drive that reads this data.

[1 mark]
Mark scheme

Award one mark for:

  • Laser (1)

Allow laser beam

Do not accept read/write head

Do not accept pits

Do not accept lands

Do not accept reflective surface

Do not accept magnet/magnetic

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks1/1

Laser

Why: Laser is the creditworthy answer (1).

No marks0/1

A read/write head

Why: Read/write head is not accepted by the mark scheme; it reads magnetic media, not optical discs, so no marks are awarded.

No marks0/1

Pits and lands

Why: Pits and lands are what the laser reads, not the component that reads the data, so the mark scheme does not accept them.

3Explain2 marksSecondary Memory Swap Remove

A hard disk drive stores data on a spinning magnetic platter.

Explain how data is read from a magnetic hard disk.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

  • The read/write head moves over the surface of the platter (1) and detects whether each area of the disk is magnetised (1)
  • The platter spins/rotates (1) so the read/write head can pass over the whole surface/tracks of the disk (1)
  • The pattern of magnetised and non-magnetised areas detected by the read/write head (1) is read as binary 1s and 0s (1)
  • The drive head detects the direction of magnetisation of each area (1) so the data can be read as binary (1)

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Allow one mark for stating that data is read magnetically / that the read/write head detects the magnetisation of the disk without a linked reason.

Do not accept answers that describe how data is written to the disk, such as the head magnetising the platter, rather than how it is read.

Do not accept 'a laser reads the pits and lands' - this describes optical storage, not magnetic storage.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

The platter rotates so the read/write head passes over the whole surface of the disk and it detects whether each area is magnetised or not. The pattern of magnetised areas is then read as 1s and 0s.

Why: Linked point (1) rotation of the platter with reason (1) the head reaches the whole surface, and the second line about magnetised areas is also present.

Some marks1/2

The read/write head detects the magnetic charges on the disk.

Why: Allow line (1): states the head detects the magnetisation of the disk, but gives no linked reason (e.g. the platter rotating so the head covers the whole surface), so only one mark.

No marks0/2

A laser shines onto the disk and reads the pits and lands, then the data is sent to the CPU.

Why: Describes optical storage. Do not accept 'a laser reads the pits and lands' - a magnetic disk is read by a head detecting magnetisation.

4Discuss6 marksPrimary Memory Swap Remove

A school is buying new computers for its IT room. The computers the technician has ordered have 16 GB of RAM and a large hard drive.

Discuss why main memory (RAM) is needed for programs to run on these computers.

Your answer should include:

  • the role of RAM in the stored program concept
  • what happens to a program when it is opened
  • why the CPU cannot execute a program directly from secondary storage.
[6 marks]
Mark scheme

Indicative content

the role of RAM in the stored program concept

  • In the von Neumann stored program concept, a program's instructions and the data it uses are held together in main memory.
  • RAM holds the instructions and data of the program that the CPU is currently processing.
  • The CPU fetches each instruction from RAM during the fetch-decode-execute cycle, so a program must be in RAM before it can be run.
  • RAM is directly accessible by the CPU, so instructions can be fetched quickly enough for the CPU to keep working.

what happens to a program when it is opened

  • When a program is opened, a copy of its instructions and data is transferred from secondary storage, such as the hard drive, into RAM.
  • The operating system loads the program into RAM so that the CPU can start fetching and executing its instructions.
  • When the program is closed, it is removed from RAM, and the space it used is free for another program.
  • If a computer does not have enough RAM, the program may not open, or another open program has to be closed first.

why the CPU cannot execute a program directly from secondary storage

  • Secondary storage, such as a hard disk drive, is much slower to access than RAM.
  • The CPU can process instructions much faster than secondary storage can supply them, so the CPU would have to wait and would not be working at full speed.
  • RAM is fast electronic memory with no moving parts, so data can be read from it in a fraction of the time taken by a magnetic hard disk drive.
  • Running the school's programs directly from secondary storage would make the computers in the IT room very slow to use.

Levels

  • Level 0 (0 marks): No rewardable content.
  • Level 1 (1–2 marks): Basic, independent points are made, showing elements of understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion will contain basic information with little linkage between points made or application to the context. (AO2)
  • Level 2 (3–4 marks): Demonstrates adequate understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion shows some linkages and lines of reasoning with some structure and application to the context. (AO2)
  • Level 3 (5–6 marks): Demonstrates comprehensive understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science to support the discussion being presented. (AO1) The discussion is well developed, with sustained lines of reasoning that are coherent and logically structured, and which clearly apply to the context. (AO2)

Additional guidance

  • Level 3 responses must cover both the role of RAM in the stored program concept and the speed difference between RAM and secondary storage, with a reason such as the CPU having to wait for instructions.
  • Answers that make only basic, independent points, such as what RAM is, that a program is copied into RAM when it is opened, or that RAM is faster than a hard drive, without linking them to explain why the CPU would have to wait for instructions, are limited to Level 1.
  • Do not accept statements that RAM is permanent storage, that RAM replaces secondary storage, or that secondary storage is read-only.
Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks6/6

The computers need RAM because of the von Neumann stored program concept, in which the instructions of a program and the data it uses are both held in main memory. When a student opens a program on one of the new computers, the operating system copies it from the hard drive into RAM. The CPU then fetches each instruction from RAM in the fetch-decode-execute cycle, so the program must be in RAM before it can be run. The CPU cannot execute a program directly from secondary storage because a hard disk drive is much slower than RAM. It has moving parts and a much lower transfer rate, so the CPU would often have nothing to do while it waited for the next instruction. RAM is fast electronic memory that the CPU can read directly, which is why 16 GB of RAM lets the school run several programs at once and still keep the CPU working at full speed.

Why: Comprehensive understanding: the stored program concept is explained (instructions and data held in main memory), the program being opened is linked to it, and the speed difference is developed with the reason that the CPU would wait for instructions, all applied to the school's computers. Level 3.

Some marks2/6

RAM is the main memory of the computer. It stores the programs and data that are being used at the moment. When you open a program it is copied into RAM, and the CPU fetches instructions from RAM. RAM is faster than the hard drive, so a program runs better from RAM. Having 16 GB means the school can have more programs open at once.

Why: Basic, independent points only: what RAM is, that a program is copied into RAM when it is opened, that the CPU fetches instructions from RAM, and that RAM is faster than a hard drive. None is linked to the stored program concept or developed to explain why the CPU would have to wait for instructions, so Level 1, 2 marks.

No marks0/6

RAM is the permanent storage inside the computer, like a hard drive. The school needs 16 GB of RAM so that all the students' files can be saved permanently. When a program is opened, it is copied from RAM to the CPU. The CPU cannot execute from secondary storage because secondary storage is read-only.

Why: No creditworthy points. RAM is described as permanent storage, files are said to be saved permanently in RAM, a program is said to be copied from RAM to the CPU, and secondary storage is said to be read-only. All are the misconceptions listed in the Do not accept guidance, so Level 0.

Questions by topic

2.1 Binary

Build a paper on this topic 58
Adding Binary Numbers 6 questions Binary and Hexadecimal Basics 10 questions Binary Shifts 6 questions Binary to Denary Conversion 6 questions Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion 6 questions Denary to Binary Conversion 6 questions Denary to Hexadecimal Conversion 6 questions Denary to Negative Binary Conversion 6 questions Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion 6 questions

2.2 Data representation

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Character Sets 18 questions Images 19 questions Sound 19 questions

2.3 Data storage and compression

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Compression 18 questions Units & Conversion 6 questions

3.1 Hardware

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Embedded Systems 17 questions Fetch Decode Execute Cycle 15 questions Primary Memory 15 questions Secondary Memory 15 questions Stored Program Computers 15 questions

3.2 Software

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File Management 18 questions Memory Management 16 questions Peripheral Management 11 questions Process Management 12 questions Purpose & Function of Operating Systems 17 questions Software Basics 13 questions User Management 18 questions Utility Software 19 questions

3.3 Programming languages

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Low and High Level Languages 19 questions Translators 18 questions

4.1 Networks

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Addressing 16 questions LANs & WANs 16 questions Network Speed 5 questions Packet Switching 16 questions Protocols & Layers 17 questions The Internet 16 questions Topologies 17 questions Wired Connections 17 questions Wireless Connections 18 questions

4.2 Network security

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Network Security Risks 18 questions Preventing Network Security Risks 18 questions

5.1 Environmental

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E-waste 17 questions Manufacturing Technology 19 questions

5.2 Ethical and legal

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Data Protection Act 17 questions Impact of AI 18 questions Intellectual Property 18 questions Software Licences 18 questions

5.3 Cybersecurity

Build a paper on this topic 36
Malware 18 questions Social Engineering 18 questions

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