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Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (1CP2) Exam Questions

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4 questions · 11 marks

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1Multiple choice1 markStored Program Computers Swap Remove

Identify the function of the control unit in the fetch-decode-execute cycle.

[1 mark]
  • ADecodes instructions
  • BPerforms arithmetic operations
  • CStores data and instructions
  • DTemporarily stores data being processed
Mark scheme
  • A Decodes instructions (1)
  • The only correct answer is A. The correct answer is Decodes instructions.
  • B is not correct because the arithmetic logic unit performs arithmetic operations
  • C is not correct because main memory stores data and instructions
  • D is not correct because registers temporarily store data being processed
Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks1/1

A Decodes instructions

Why: Correct option: the control unit decodes instructions during the fetch-decode-execute cycle (1).

No marks0/1

C Stores data and instructions

Why: Main memory stores data and instructions, not the control unit; this is a common distractor, so no mark.

No marks0/1

B Performs arithmetic operations

Why: Arithmetic operations are performed by the ALU, not the control unit; a common confusion between CPU components, so no mark.

2Short recall2 marksFetch Decode Execute Cycle Swap Remove

Von Neumann architecture uses the stored program concept.

Define the term stored program concept.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award one mark for any of the following up to a maximum of two marks:

  • Instructions/programs are held/stored in main memory (RAM) (1)
  • The data the program uses is stored in the same memory as the instructions (1)
  • Instructions are fetched (one at a time) from main memory by the CPU (1)
  • Instructions (fetched from main memory) are decoded and executed (1)

Allow 'memory' for main memory/RAM.

Do not award two marks for a single statement that only says the program/instructions are stored in memory.

Do not accept answers that state the program is stored in secondary storage (such as a hard disk).

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

The program instructions and the data it uses are both held in main memory, and the CPU fetches each instruction from main memory in turn to decode and execute it.

Why: Instructions/programs are held/stored in main memory (RAM) (1) and the data the program uses is stored in the same memory as the instructions (1). The fetching and executing points are also present but the maximum is two marks.

Some marks1/2

The instructions of a program are stored in main memory.

Why: Instructions/programs are held/stored in main memory (RAM) (1). Only one part of the definition is given, so one mark.

No marks0/2

The program is kept on the hard disk and is loaded when it is needed.

Why: The answer places the program in secondary storage, which the mark scheme says not to accept, so no creditworthy point is given.

3Describe2 marksUtility Software Swap Remove

A hard disk can become fragmented as files are saved and deleted.

Describe how disk defragmentation software improves the performance of a hard disk.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award up to two marks for a linked description such as:

  • Parts of a file are moved so they are stored together/in consecutive locations (1) so the read/write head has less distance to travel to read the file (1)
  • Files are rearranged so that each file is stored in one block (1) which reduces the time taken to open/load the file (1)
  • Free space on the disk is collected into one area (1) so new files can be saved without becoming fragmented (1)
  • The parts of each fragmented file are put in order (1) so fewer movements of the read/write head are needed to read it (1)

Do not accept responses about compressing files, deleting files or increasing the amount of storage, as these are not what defragmentation software does.

Do not accept 'it makes the disk faster' without saying how the files are changed.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

It moves the parts of a file so they are stored together in consecutive locations (1), so the read/write head does not have to move as far and the file opens more quickly (1).

Why: Linked point (1) and development (1): the file parts are stored together, which reduces read/write head movement.

Some marks1/2

It reorganises the files on the hard disk so that they are stored together.

Why: The point is made (1) but there is no development saying how this improves performance, so the second mark is not awarded.

No marks0/2

It compresses the files so that they take up less space on the disk.

Why: This describes data compression software, which the mark scheme says is not accepted; no creditworthy point is made.

4Discuss6 marksLow and High Level Languages Swap Remove

A school computing club is creating a quiz game. The game will be written by students who are new to programming. It will store the names and scores of players in a list. The club wants to choose a language that helps the students finish the game quickly and with few errors.

Discuss the characteristics of a high-level programming language that make it suitable for writing the quiz game.

Your answer should include:

  • how easy the language is to learn, use and debug
  • the data structures it provides for storing the players' names and scores
  • the built-in functions and library routines it provides.
[6 marks]
Mark scheme

Indicative content

Ease of learning, use and debug

  • High-level language statements are written in English-like words and mathematical symbols, so the students can read the quiz game code and understand what each line does.
  • The language is easier to learn than a low-level language, so students who are new to programming can start writing the quiz game quickly.
  • Errors are easier to find and fix because the code is readable; for example, the students can check a line that updates a score against the rule they intended.
  • The students do not need to know how the processor carries out each statement, so they can concentrate on the quiz questions and rules.

Data structures

  • High-level languages provide lists or arrays, so the names and scores of all the players can be stored under one name and processed with a loop.
  • A record can store a player's name and score as one item; in some languages a dictionary or class can be used instead, which keeps related data together.
  • Using a data structure makes the code shorter and easier to understand than separate variables for every player's name and score.

Built-in functions and library routines

  • High-level languages provide built-in functions such as print and input, so the students can display a question and read a player's answer without writing the underlying code.
  • Library routines such as a random number generator can be used to choose quiz questions, saving the students time.
  • String-handling routines can check or compare a player's answer, so the students do not have to write these routines themselves.
  • Reusing tested routines reduces the amount of code the students write and can reduce errors in the quiz game.

Levels

  • Level 0 (0 marks): No rewardable content.
  • Level 1 (1–2 marks): Basic, independent points are made, showing elements of understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion will contain basic information with little linkage between points made or application to the context. (AO2)
  • Level 2 (3–4 marks): Demonstrates adequate understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion shows some linkages and lines of reasoning with some structure and application to the context. (AO2)
  • Level 3 (5–6 marks): Demonstrates comprehensive understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science to support the discussion being presented. (AO1) The discussion is well developed, with sustained lines of reasoning that are coherent and logically structured, and which clearly apply to the context. (AO2)

Additional guidance: Credit only points applied to the quiz game and the students; comparison with low-level languages is not required, but a correct contrast may support a point if it is applied. Do not award generic claims such as 'high-level programs run faster', 'work on any computer' or 'students do not need to learn syntax' unless they are justified for the quiz game.

Level 3 responses must cover all three bullet areas with linked reasoning that explains why the characteristic helps the students finish the game quickly with few errors; an answer covering only two bullet areas is limited to Level 2. Do not award the idea that high-level code is already machine code or is understood directly by the processor. Accept dictionaries or classes as equivalents of records.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks6/6

A high-level language is suitable for the quiz game because its statements use English-like words and mathematical symbols, so students who are new to programming can read the code and see what each part of the quiz does. This also makes the game easier to debug, because the students can compare a line that updates a player's score with the rule they intended. The language gives the students lists or arrays, so all the players' names and scores can be stored under one name, and a loop can then go through the list to display the results. A record, or a dictionary in Python, can keep one player's name and score together, which is clearer than using separate variables. The language also provides built-in functions and library routines such as input, print and a random number generator, so the students do not have to write these from scratch. They can use input to ask for a player's name and print to show the score, and a random number routine to choose a question. This lets the club spend its time on the quiz questions and rules, so the students can finish the game quickly with fewer errors.

Why: Covers all three bullet areas with linked reasoning: readable English-like statements and debugging, lists/records for names and scores, and built-in input/print/random routines, all applied to helping new students finish quickly with fewer errors. This meets Level 3.

Some marks3/6

High-level languages use English words, so the students can understand the code for the quiz game and find mistakes more easily. They provide lists or arrays, so the players' names and scores can be stored together, and a loop can be used to display the scores. This makes the game easier to write for students who are new to programming.

Why: Level 2, 3 marks: covers ease of learning/use and data structures with some application to the quiz game, but gives no built-in facilities and limited development of why this helps the club finish quickly, so it is not Level 3.

No marks0/6

High-level code is already machine code, so the computer can run the quiz game without a translator. The students do not need to learn any syntax.

Why: Contains the machine-code misconception and a generic claim that the scheme does not credit; no creditworthy point is made, so Level 0.

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