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Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (1CP2) Exam Questions

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4 questions · 8 marks

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1Short recall2 marksCompression Swap Remove

Images and sound can be stored using lossy compression.

Define the term lossy compression.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award one mark for any of the following up to a maximum of two marks:

  • Reduces the size of a file (1)
  • Permanently removes/loses some data (1)
  • The original file cannot be recreated/restored exactly (1)

Allow 'some data is deleted/discarded and cannot be recovered' for the second mark.

Do not award the first mark where the response also states that no data is lost.

Do not accept 'removes repeated data' (this describes lossless compression).

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

Lossy compression reduces the size of a file by permanently removing some data, so the original cannot be restored exactly.

Why: Reduces the size of a file (1); permanently removes some data (1); maximum two marks awarded.

Some marks1/2

It makes a file smaller.

Why: Reduces the size of a file (1); no reference to data being permanently lost.

No marks0/2

It makes a file smaller without losing any of the data.

Why: States that no data is lost, which describes lossless compression; the first mark is not awarded.

2Short recall2 marksUnits & Conversion Swap Remove

A solid state drive has a capacity of 5 gibibytes.

Give an expression to calculate the number of bits in 5 gibibytes. You do not need to do the calculation.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award one mark for each of:

  • 5 × 1024^3 / 5 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 / 5 × 2^30, for the number of bytes (1)
  • A fully correct expression with × 8 to convert bytes to bits, in any order, e.g. 5 × 1024^3 × 8, 8 × 5 × 2^30 (1)

Accept 5 × 1 073 741 824 × 8.

Accept 5 × 2^33 or 42 949 672 960 as a fully correct expression (2 marks).

Do not accept 5 × 1000^3 × 8, which uses decimal multiples.

Do not accept ÷ 8, which converts bits to bytes.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

8 × 5 × 2^30

Why: 5 × 2^30 is the number of bytes (1) and × 8 converts bytes to bits (1).

Some marks1/2

5 × 2^30

Why: Correct number of bytes using the binary multiple 2^30 (1), but no conversion to bits.

No marks0/2

5 × 1000^3 × 8

Why: Uses decimal 1000^3 instead of binary 1024^3, so the expression is not fully correct; no creditworthy point.

3Explain2 marksCompression Swap Remove

A solicitor sends large documents to clients by email.

Explain one reason why the solicitor compresses the documents before sending them.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

  • The file size is reduced (1) so the documents take less time to transmit/send (1)
  • The compressed files are smaller (1) so they are more likely to be within the email attachment size limit (1)
  • Less data is sent (1) so less bandwidth/data allowance is used (1)
  • Fewer packets are needed (1) so the documents are received more quickly (1)

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Do not accept 'it saves storage space' on its own without linking to sending the documents.

Do not accept 'it makes the file smaller' as both the point and the reason.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

The documents take up less space so they are quicker to send by email.

Why: File size reduced (1) and linked reason that transmission is quicker (1).

Some marks1/2

It makes the documents smaller.

Why: File size reduced (1) but no linked reason about sending or transmission.

No marks0/2

It reduces the amount of storage space the documents use on the client's computer.

Why: Storage space alone is not a reason for compressing before sending, so no linked explanation point is credited.

4Explain2 marksCompression Swap Remove

Files can be compressed using lossy or lossless compression.

Explain one difference between lossy compression and lossless compression.

[2 marks]
Mark scheme

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

  • Lossy compression permanently removes some data (1) whereas lossless compression does not remove any data (1)
  • With lossy compression the original file cannot be recreated exactly (1) but with lossless compression it can (1)
  • Lossy compression can produce a smaller file/a higher compression ratio (1) whereas lossless compression keeps all of the data so compresses less (1)

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Allow 'removes data' for 'permanently removes data'.

A correct statement about only one type of compression, with no contrast, earns one mark.

Do not accept a reversed statement such as 'lossless compression loses data and lossy compression does not'.

Do not accept 'lossy makes the file smaller' on its own, because lossless compression also reduces the file size; the answer must say that data is removed.

Do not accept 'lossy is worse quality' on its own without saying data is removed.

Example answers and how they were marked
Full marks2/2

Lossy compression removes some data permanently, but lossless compression keeps all of the data.

Why: Lossy removes data permanently (1) and contrasts with lossless keeping all data (1).

Some marks1/2

Lossy compression removes some of the data.

Why: A correct statement about one type of compression with no contrast earns one mark (1); no contrasting statement about lossless compression is given.

No marks0/2

Lossless compression removes data so the file is smaller, but lossy compression keeps all the data.

Why: Reversed statement: lossless keeps all the data and lossy removes it, so no mark is awarded.

Questions by topic

2.1 Binary

Build a paper on this topic 58
Adding Binary Numbers 6 questions Binary and Hexadecimal Basics 10 questions Binary Shifts 6 questions Binary to Denary Conversion 6 questions Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion 6 questions Denary to Binary Conversion 6 questions Denary to Hexadecimal Conversion 6 questions Denary to Negative Binary Conversion 6 questions Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion 6 questions

2.2 Data representation

Build a paper on this topic 56
Character Sets 18 questions Images 19 questions Sound 19 questions

2.3 Data storage and compression

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Compression 18 questions Units & Conversion 6 questions

3.1 Hardware

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Embedded Systems 17 questions Fetch Decode Execute Cycle 15 questions Primary Memory 15 questions Secondary Memory 15 questions Stored Program Computers 15 questions

3.2 Software

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File Management 18 questions Memory Management 16 questions Peripheral Management 11 questions Process Management 12 questions Purpose & Function of Operating Systems 17 questions Software Basics 13 questions User Management 18 questions Utility Software 19 questions

3.3 Programming languages

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Low and High Level Languages 19 questions Translators 18 questions

4.1 Networks

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Addressing 16 questions LANs & WANs 16 questions Network Speed 5 questions Packet Switching 16 questions Protocols & Layers 17 questions The Internet 16 questions Topologies 17 questions Wired Connections 17 questions Wireless Connections 18 questions

4.2 Network security

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Network Security Risks 18 questions Preventing Network Security Risks 18 questions

5.1 Environmental

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E-waste 17 questions Manufacturing Technology 19 questions

5.2 Ethical and legal

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Data Protection Act 17 questions Impact of AI 18 questions Intellectual Property 18 questions Software Licences 12 questions

5.3 Cybersecurity

Malware 8 questions

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