Edexcel GCSE Computer Science (1CP2) Exam Questions

Award up to two marks for a linked description such as:

• The height of the wave is measured at each sample (1) and stored as a binary value (1)
• The amplitude at a sample point is converted into a binary number using the bit depth (1) so each sample stores the height of the wave (1)
• A larger amplitude is stored as a larger binary value (1) so louder parts of the sound are represented by higher values (1)

Do not accept answers that only define amplitude as the height/loudness of the wave.

Do not accept answers about the number of samples taken each second (sample rate).

Award up to two marks for a linked explanation such as:

• The computer looks up the character in the ASCII character set/table (1) to find the code that represents it (1)
• Each character has its own unique ASCII code (1) so the letter A is converted to and stored as a 7-bit binary pattern (1)
• ASCII uses 7 bits for each character (1) so A is stored as its ASCII code 1000001 (binary) / 65 (denary) (1)

The second mark requires a linked expansion, so a point on its own (e.g. 'A has the code 65') can only earn one mark.

For both marks, the expansion must follow/associate with the statement.

Accept an 8-bit pattern with a leading 0 (e.g. 01000001) as the binary code for A.

Do not accept 'the character is stored as text' without saying it is changed into a code/binary.

Do not accept a binary value on its own (e.g. 1000001) without saying that it is the ASCII code/that the character is converted to it.

Indicative content

The number of characters that 7-bit ASCII can represent

• Seven-bit ASCII gives 2 to the power of 7, which is 128 different codes, so it can represent a maximum of 128 different characters.
• This is enough for the English alphabet, digits and common punctuation, but it is a fixed and limited set.
• The website may need more than 128 characters once customer names from different countries are included.

Characters that cannot be represented

• Accented letters such as é do not have a 7-bit ASCII code, so they cannot be stored correctly.
• Characters from any alphabet other than the Latin one, such as Greek or Cyrillic letters, cannot be represented in 7-bit ASCII.
• If a customer enters a character that is not in the character set, the website may store the wrong character or show a replacement symbol.
• The company may have to misspell or simplify a customer's name because the required character cannot be stored.

The effect of using more bits for each character

• Each extra bit doubles the number of available codes, so for n bits there are 2 to the power of n codes; 8 bits give 256 codes and 16 bits give 65 536 codes.
• Using more bits allows a larger character set to represent accented letters and other alphabets.
• More bits per character means each character takes more storage, so the website's text files and pages are larger.
• Larger pages take longer to transmit over the internet to a customer.

Levels

• Level 0 (0 marks): No rewardable content.
• Level 1 (1–2 marks): Basic, independent points are made, showing elements of understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion will contain basic information with little linkage between points made or application to the context. (AO2)
• Level 2 (3–4 marks): Demonstrates adequate understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1) The discussion shows some linkages and lines of reasoning with some structure and application to the context. (AO2)
• Level 3 (5–6 marks): Demonstrates comprehensive understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science to support the discussion being presented. (AO1) The discussion is well developed, with sustained lines of reasoning that are coherent and logically structured, and which clearly apply to the context. (AO2)

Level 3 responses must cover both the limit of 128 codes and at least one type of character that cannot be represented; a point about using more bits on its own is not sufficient for Level 3, and not every bullet needs to be covered for Level 3.

Do not accept the idea that 7-bit ASCII can represent all characters, that extended or 8-bit ASCII can represent every character in every alphabet, or that accented letters are stored as plain letters without the accent.