Scene Descriptions, Dialogue and Directions

Inside each scene, a scene description explains what the place looks like and what is happening. Write it in the present tense and keep it concise and visual, including only what can be seen or heard. 'A metal watering can lies on its side, water spreading across the floor' helps the crew picture the shot; 'Mara remembers last summer' does not, because it cannot be filmed.

Put character names in capitals above their dialogue, and keep names and dialogue aligned consistently — for example, every name starts at the same indent with its lines underneath. Dialogue is written in normal sentence case, not capitals, so it is easier to read aloud. Below the character name, add a parenthetical or action note when you need to say how a line is delivered, such as (under their breath) or (voice rising).

Directions describe action and interaction — who moves, who turns to face whom, what someone picks up. They can also show delivery through facial expression, emotion, intonation and volume. A direction might read Ruby steps between Mara and the door, or a parenthetical might read (angry, almost shouting). Directions are not spoken aloud.

V.O. after a name marks a voice-over: the character is heard but not in shot, and the line may be recorded separately. O.S. after a name marks off-screen speech: someone in the scene speaks from outside the frame, such as from the next room.

For example:

A metal watering can lies on its side, water spreading across the floor.

MARA
(cold, quiet)
Who left the tap running?

RUBY (O.S.)
Not me. I've been in the shed.

NARRATOR (V.O.)
By morning, the greenhouse was full of steam.