1.1 System Architecture

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What does Cache store?: Frequently used instructions
What is Clock Speed measured in?: Hertz
How many instructions can a 1GHz single core CPU process in one second?: 1 Billion
How many instructions can a 1GHz dual core CPU process in one second?: 2 Billion
How many instructions can a 2GHz quad core CPU process in one second?: 8 Billion
Modern typical Desktop, Notebook, and smartphone CPU clock speed is measured in...: Gigahertz
A 1hz CPU would carry out how many instructions per second?: 1 Instruction per second
What is a CPU Core?: A discrete processing unit
Having multiple cores allows the computer to...: Carry out parallel processing
In which stage of the Fetch Decode Execute Cycle is the Accumulator used to store values?: Execute
How does CPU cache help improve performance of a CPU?: It is built into the CPU therefore its quicker to access
In which stage of the Fetch Decode Execute Cycle is the Program Counter Incremented?: Fetch
In which stage of the Fetch Decode Execute Cycle is data transferred from Memory to the Memory Data Register?: Fetch
In which stage of the Fetch Decode Execute Cycle is the Accumulator used to store values?: Execute
Which component would calculate the result of 6 * 4?: ALU
Which register holds the address of the next instruction: Program Counter
Which register holds the memory location of the current instruction being worked on: Memory Address Register
What did Von Neumann propose?: Data and Instructions should be stored in memory
What is the purpose of the ALU?: Carries out arithmetic and logical operations
What is the purpose of the Program Counter: Stores the address of the next instruction to be ran
What is the purpose of the Control Unit?: Controls the flow of data inside the CPU
What is the purpose of the MDR?: Stores data fetched from memory
What is the purpose of the MAR?: Stores the address of the instruction being ran
What does the CPU Cache hold?: Stores frequently used instructions
What is the purpose of the Accumulator?: Stores the results of calculations carried out
What does CPU stand for?: Central Processing Unit
Which statement best describes a general purpose computer?: Can run many different programs
Which list are examples of general purpose computers?: Desktops, laptops, and smartphones
What best characterizes an embedded system?: Built into devices for specific tasks
Which are examples of embedded systems?: Washing machines and microwave ovens
Why do embedded systems usually have lower processing power?: They do not need high clock speeds
How does reduced complexity affect embedded systems' size?: Smaller CPUs and less memory reduce size
Which is a typical power characteristic of embedded systems?: Low energy use and battery operation
Why are embedded systems often more reliable?: Fewer components and simpler designs
What feature most distinguishes an embedded system?: Designed for a specific task
How does hardware affect the physical size of embedded systems?: Smaller physical size due to hardware
What is a common power characteristic of embedded systems?: Consume less energy and run cooler
Why are embedded systems often more reliable?: Fewer parts increase system reliability
Why do embedded systems tend to be cheaper to produce?: Cheaper to manufacture at scale
Which example is most likely an embedded system?: A microwave oven control board

1.1 System Architecture

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