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Flashcards KS3 Computing

Computer Science

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Why do computers use the binary number system?
Computers use tiny switches which can either be on (1) or off (0)
Which base numbers does the binary number system use?
0-1
Which base numbers does the decimal number system use?
0-9
What is 0101 (binary) in decimal?
5
What is 1101 (binary) in decimal?
13
What is 1110 (binary) in decimal?
14
What is 15 (decimal) in binary?
1111
What is 7 (decimal) in binary?
0111
What is 3 (decimal) in binary?
0011
Why do we use the hexadecimal number system?
It makes working with binary numbers easier to write and remember
How many base numbers does the hexadecimal number system use?
16
Which base numbers does the hexadecimal number system use?
0-9 & A-F
How many bits can each hexadecimal digit represent?
4
What is A (hexadecimal) in decimal?
10
What is D (hexadecimal) in decimal?
13
What is F (hexadecimal) in binary?
1111
What is 6 (hexadecimal) in binary?
0110
What is A (hexadecimal) in binary?
1010
What is E (hexadecimal) in decimal?
14
What is computer hardware?
Parts of the computer you can physically touch
What is inside every computer?
Different electronic parts
What does the CPU (Central Processing Unit) do in a computer?
It's the brain of the computer and processes all the instructions
What is the purpose of RAM (Random Access Memory) in a computer?
It's the short-term memory that holds your apps while you are using them
What is the role of a computer's motherboard?
It's the part that everything else plugs into and allows them to communicate
What does a computer's power supply do?
Provides power to the computer and all its parts
What is an input device?
A device that sends data to the computer, like a mouse
What is an output device?
A device that brings information from the computer into the real world, like a monitor
Which device is used to record audio and send it to the computer?
Microphone
Is a printer an input or output device?
Output
What is software in a computer?
The instructions stored as data which tells the hardware what to do
What can be included as software?
Apps
Games
Websites
How is software created?
It must be written by someone, sometimes with thousands of lines of code
What are the three categories of software?
Operating System
Utility Software
Application Software
What is an Operating System in software?
Software that manages and controls the computer's hardware
What is Application Software?
Software designed for end users like Microsoft PowerPoint or Minecraft
What does Utility Software do?
Helps maintain the computer, like Anti-virus software
What is the purpose of Google Chrome software?
A web browser
Which of these is an Operating System?
Android
iOS
What kind of software is PowerPoint?
An application for creating presentations
What is the purpose of a character set in computers?
To convert characters to unique binary numbers
How many lowercase letters can be made with a keyboard?
26
What is an example of an invisible character?
Space
If two computers do not use the same character set, what might happen?
The message sent from one to another could be unreadable
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
How many unique characters can ASCII represent?
128
Why can ASCII only represent English characters?
Because it has only 128 unique characters
What is Unicode?
A universal character set that includes characters from all languages
If a computer cannot recognise a Unicode character, what might it show?
A black rectangle
Which character set is used by computers to represent many different characters from around the world?
Unicode
Why do we need to convert characters to binary numbers in computers?
Because computers can only understand binary code
What are images on a computer made of?
Pixels
If an image uses 1 bit per pixel, how many colours can each pixel be?
2 colours
What does the colour depth of an image determine?
The number of colours an image can use
How many bits per pixel are used in images taken with a smartphone?
30 bits per pixel
How do you calculate the file size of an image?
Multiply the width by the height by the colour depth
What happens when you have a lot of pixels in an image?
You can create a detailed image where pixels blend into each other
How is the colour of a pixel stored on a computer?
As a binary number
If an image uses 4 bits per pixel, how many colours can it display?
16 colours
What is the benefit of using more bits per pixel in an image?
The image can have more colours and a higher quality
What might be a drawback of increasing the number of bits used per pixel?
The image file will use more data and take up more space
How many colours can a pixel display if the image uses 2 bits per pixel?
4 colours
Why do images from smartphones use 30 bits per pixel?
To allow each pixel to be one of over a billion colours
When calculating the file size of an image, what does the 'colour depth' refer to?
How many bits are stored for each pixel
What does an increase in colour depth do to an image?
It increases the number of possible colours per pixel