Which term describes the legal protection that gives the creator of original work, such as software or music, control over how it is copied and used?
Copyright
What is meant by a patent?
A legal right that prevents anyone else from using a new invention for a fixed period, typically 20 years
Which term describes a name or symbol that a company registers so that other companies cannot use it?
Trademark
What is meant by licencing?
Giving permission for software or another product to be used, usually under conditions set out in an agreement
What is meant by a licence key?
A code that must be entered before software will run, showing that a licence has been purchased
What is meant by intellectual property?
Creations of the mind that can be protected by law
Which of these types of work is protected by copyright?
Books, music, video and software
A drug company patents a new medicine. For how long does the patent stop rival firms from copying it?
20 years
How long does copyright typically last for a published work?
70 years after publication or the author's death
A company has designed a new type of robotic arm. Which method of protection stops rivals from using the invention?
Applying for a patent
A supermarket wants to stop rival shops using its name and logo. Which method should it use?
Register the name and logo as a trademark
Which law protects copyrighted material and patents in the UK?
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
A court finds someone guilty of copyright infringement. Which penalty is possible under UK law?
A fine and up to 10 years in prison
What is it called when someone copies music, video or software without permission?
Copyright infringement
Why is software that runs in the cloud difficult to copy illegally?
It runs on the company's servers and users only see the output
A software company allows a school to install its program on up to 50 computers for a yearly fee. Which method is the company using to control who can use the software?
Licencing
A programmer writes an original program. Which form of protection applies automatically without the programmer applying for it?
Copyright
A company wants to stop rivals copying the source code of its new program. Why is registering a trademark not suitable for this?
A trademark protects names and logos, not program code
A company sells its software on a disc with a hologram. How does the hologram help to prevent illegal copying?
It shows that the disc is a genuine copy
Which statement best compares copyright and patents?
Copyright protects original creative work, while a patent protects a new invention
A program contacts the software company's server when it starts to check that the licence is valid. How does this help to prevent illegal copying?
It stops working without a valid licence
Why can a user not normally modify proprietary software?
The source code is not provided
Which of these is a condition that an open source licence may include?
Users must not sell the software
Which statement is true of both open source and proprietary software?
Both are protected by copyright
A charity wants software that it can use for free and improve itself. Which type of software should it choose?
Open source software
A company installs one copy of a program on 50 computers, but its licence only allows it on one computer. What has the company done?
Broken the terms of the licence
Proprietary software is often described as off-the-shelf. What does this mean?
It is ready-made for general use
A company invents a new process that its program uses to compress files. Which method can protect the invention?
Patent
A software company wants to stop rivals using its product name and logo. Which method should it use?
Trademark
Open source software is often developed collaboratively. Why can it improve quickly?
Many programmers can edit the source code
A business needs formal technical support for its software. Why might open source software be a poor choice?
Support may not be provided
A user installs proprietary software without buying a licence. What is the legal position?
The user is not allowed to use the software
Which statement about copyright and software licences is correct?
Copyright protects the software, and a licence sets out how it may be used
Why does a user need a licence to use proprietary software, even after buying a copy?
The copyright owner must give permission for the software to be used
What is the name for the legal agreement that sets out how a piece of software can be used and what the user is allowed to do with it?
Licence
What is meant by open source software?
Software supplied with source code that users can change and share
Which term describes the automatic legal protection that stops other people copying or selling a piece of software without permission?
Copyright
What is meant by proprietary software?
Software whose source code is kept private and whose licence is usually paid for
Which term describes the original instructions written by a programmer, which can be read and changed to develop a piece of software?
Source code
What is meant by intellectual property?
Creations of the mind, such as a piece of program code, that the law protects from being copied
Which term describes a person giving clear permission for an organisation to use their personal data?
Consent
Which term describes personal data being used in ways that were not agreed or allowed?
Misuse
Which term describes a person's expectation that their personal information is kept away from others?
Privacy
What is meant by the right to be forgotten?
A person can ask for their personal data to be deleted
What is meant by data ownership?
The question of who legally controls a set of data and can benefit from it
What is meant by data protection?
Looking after personal data so that it is kept secure and used fairly and legally
What is meant by personal data?
Information that can be used to identify a living person
Which UK law covers the protection of personal data?
Data Protection Act 2018
An online shop asks customers for their salary, but only needs their address to deliver an order. Which data protection principle is broken?
Only necessary data should be collected
Which statement about consent under the Data Protection Act is correct?
People must opt in before marketing emails are sent
Which right does the Data Protection Act give to an individual?
The right to view data held about them for free
A company discovers that its customer database has been hacked. What must it do under the Data Protection Act?
Tell customers within 72 hours of the breach
A teacher gives a collapsed student's name to a paramedic to help save the student's life. Which reason for lawful processing does this match?
Vital interests
A user visits a holiday website and later sees holiday adverts on other websites. What technology makes this possible?
Cookies
A receptionist at a dentist looks up a celebrity patient's records out of curiosity. What is this an example of?
Misuse of personal data
For a serious breach of the Data Protection Act, what is the maximum fine as a percentage of a company's annual turnover?
4% of annual turnover
A gym holds an old address for a member who has moved house. The member asks the gym to change it. Which right are they using?
The right to have inaccurate data corrected
An organisation asks a customer for consent to use their personal data. Which piece of information must it give?
What the data will be used for
A company keeps records of the pay of its employees so that it can pay the correct tax. Which reason for lawful processing does this match?
Legal obligation
An online shop still holds the bank details of customers whose accounts were closed three years ago. Which principle of data protection is broken?
Data must not be kept for longer than necessary
A gym sells the email addresses of its members to another company without telling them. Which principle of data protection is broken?
Data must not be shared with third parties without consent
Which term describes a machine learning system producing unfair results for one group of people because of the data used to train it?
Algorithmic bias
What is meant by 'artificial intelligence'?
Systems programmed to act in ways that would normally need human intelligence
Which term describes using large sets of data to train a computer program so that it improves at carrying out a task?
Machine learning
What is meant by 'accountability'?
Being answerable for the decisions a system makes and able to explain them
Which term describes the principle that a system should not injure people or damage property?
Safety
What is meant by 'legal liability'?
Being legally responsible for harm or damage caused by a product, so the maker can be taken to court
In machine learning, what is meant by training data?
The examples used to teach the program to recognise patterns
Which law makes a manufacturer legally liable when a product they made harms a customer?
The Consumer Protection Act
An autonomous car in automatic mode injures a pedestrian. Why is it hard to say who is accountable?
It could be the programmer, the manufacturer or the owner
A company trains software on ten years of successful job applications. It then rejects most applications that mention women's groups. What is the most likely cause?
The training data contained the bias of past decisions
An AI system that decides which patients need urgent care is trained mainly on data from patients over 70. What is the likely impact?
Younger patients may be given the wrong priority
Which action would best reduce algorithmic bias in a facial recognition system?
Training it on photos that represent all ethnic groups
In 2020, self-driving cars had 9 accidents per million miles and regular cars had 4. What does this suggest?
The self-driving car is not yet safer than a regular car
Why can a robot controlled by a computer behave unsafely in a situation its designers did not expect?
It can only respond using the instructions it has been given
A hospital uses AI to suggest which patients need urgent treatment. Why should a doctor check each suggestion?
A person is accountable for the final decision about a patient
An autonomous car is about to crash and every possible action will cause some harm. Why is this a hard problem for the programmers?
A computer cannot make a moral judgement between two harmful outcomes
Before releasing a facial recognition system, a company tests it on thousands of faces and publishes the error rate for different groups of people. Why is this useful?
It shows where the system is unfair so the problem can be fixed
Why might an autonomous car be safer than a human driver when a child steps into the road?
Its sensors detect the hazard and brake faster than a person can
A self-driving car's braking software fails and the car damages a wall. Who is legally liable for the damage?