Protocols & Layers - Word Drop

A network ______ is a set of rules that lets two devices communicate. Wi-Fi is a wireless standard that connects devices to an access point using ______ instead of cables. ______ is a wired standard that uses copper or fibre optic cables. TCP splits messages into small chunks called ______ and rejoins them at the destination. IP ______ each packet so it reaches the correct address.

HTTP lets a browser request and receive web pages from a server. HTTPS does the same job but ______ the data so an eavesdropper cannot understand it. FTP uploads and downloads ______, such as documents and photographs, to and from a server. Email is sent to a mail server using ______. The recipient uses ______ to read messages on several devices because they stay on the server. ______ instead downloads them to one device and deletes them.

The TCP/IP model divides communication into four ______: application, transport, internet and link. The application layer is where a browser or email client chooses which protocol to use. The transport layer puts the numbered packets back in order and resends any that are lost. The internet layer adds the source and destination ______ so routers know where to send each packet. The link layer adds the ______ address and passes the data to the physical media. Each layer is self-contained, so it can be changed without affecting the others, and equipment from different manufacturers works together. This is called ______.