Which broad term describes the different ways an attacker deceives people into revealing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and personal details?
Social engineering
What is meant by 'pharming'?
An attack that compromises a DNS server so that users are redirected to a fake website that looks genuine
What is the name for a group of compromised computers that an attacker controls and orders to attack a target all at the same time?
Botnet
What is meant by 'shoulder surfing'?
Watching someone closely, in person or through binoculars, in order to read their passwords or PINs
What is meant by a denial-of-service attack?
An attack that overwhelms a server with requests so that legitimate users cannot use it
Which term describes a situation where the communication between two devices is intercepted by a third party, who may also change the data before passing it on?
Man-in-the-middle
What is meant by malware?
Software written to cause harm or steal data
Which type of attack is carried out using spoof emails, text messages or phone calls that pretend to come from an organisation the victim trusts?
Phishing
Which statement describes black hat hacking?
Gaining access to a system without permission in order to exploit it
Malware encrypts all the files on a company's computers and a payment is demanded to unlock them. Which type of malware is this?
Ransomware
Why is a distributed denial-of-service attack more likely to succeed than a single denial-of-service attack?
Many infected computers send requests to the server at once
Which feature of an email suggests it may be a phishing attempt?
It asks the reader to confirm a password by clicking a link
A customer is checking their bank account on a laptop while travelling on a train. Why is shoulder surfing a risk in this situation?
People sitting nearby can read the screen and see private information
A customer sends encrypted data over open Wi-Fi and a man-in-the-middle attacker intercepts it. Why is the attacker unable to read the data?
Encrypted data cannot be decoded by the attacker
A company laptop has become infected with malware. Which of these could explain how the malware got onto it?
A user opened an infected email attachment
A program copies itself and spreads across a company network, infecting computers without anyone opening a file or clicking a link. Which type of malware is this?
A worm
A user downloads a free game that appears genuine, but hidden inside it is malware that gives an attacker control of their computer. What is this type of malware called?
A Trojan
A visitor waits outside a secure door and follows an employee through it without being challenged. Which social engineering technique is this?
Tailgating
Software on a user's phone secretly records their activity, including passwords, and sends the details to an attacker. Which type of malware is this?
Spyware
A file that is already infected is opened on a computer and the malware copies itself into other files so that they become infected too. Which type of malware is this?
A virus
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